In the late 20th century, time clocks started to move away from the mechanical machines to computer-based, electronic time and attendance systems. The first punched-card system to be linked to a Z80 microprocessor was developed by Kronos Incorporated in the late 1970s and introduced as a product in 1979. In 1982, International Time Recorders was acquired by Blick Industries of Swindon, England, who were themselves later absorbed by Stanley Security Systems. However, in the United Kingdom ITR (a subsidiary of IBM United Kingdom Ltd.) was the subject of a management buy-out in 1963 and reverted to International Time Recorders. In 1958, IBM's Time Equipment Division was sold to the Simplex Time Recorder Company. The day and time of entry and exit was punched onto cards inside the box. The face shows employee numbers which would be dialed up by employees entering and leaving the factory. Īn example of this other form of time clock, made by IBM, is pictured. These two types are made by the International Time Recording Co.
The working up of employees' time then becomes simply a matter of computation from printed figures. The time clock system has been developed very highly in shops for keeping track of time used in completing any job by workmen, but as this in a way is not in the realm of field cost keeping, it will not be entered into here.Īnother form of time clock has the numbers of the employees fixed on the outer edge of a disk or ring and a record is made by the employee who shifts a revolving arm and punches his number upon entering the office and leaving. The record of the men's time can then be compiled very readily by one who need not be a skilled mathematician or time clerk. The cards are made to hold a record covering the pay period and need no attention from a timekeeper or clerk until the termination of this period. is a time card recorder, which is a clock so made that it will automatically stamp on a card inserted in a slot in the clock by the workman the time of his arrival and of his departure. Various forms of time clocks are in common use, two types of which are illustrated. Time clocks.-Such an appliance which may not, in general, be used in the field, but which is of immense value in the office and particularly in a shop, is the time clock. Gillette explained about the state of the art around time clocks in those days:
CR1000 PROFESSIONAL FINGERPRINT TIME CLOCK DRIVERS
The Bundy clock (see image left) was used by Birmingham City Transport to ensure that bus drivers did not depart from outlying termini before the due time now preserved at Walsall Arboretum. In 1911, ITR, Bundy Mfg., and two other companies were amalgamated (via stock acquisition), forming a fifth company, Computing-Tabulating-Recording Company (CTR), which would later change its name to IBM. In 1900, the time recording business of Bundy Manufacturing, along with two other time equipment businesses, was consolidated into the International Time Recording Company (ITR). A year later his brother, Harlow Bundy, organized the Bundy Manufacturing Company, and began mass-producing time clocks. His patent of 1890 speaks of mechanical time recorders for workers in terms that suggest that earlier recorders already existed, but Bundy's had various improvements for example, each worker had his own key. An early and influential time clock, sometimes described as the first, was invented on November 20, 1888, by Willard Le Grand Bundy, a jeweler in Auburn, New York.
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